arXiv:2606.01869v3 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly asked not only to write static interfaces, but to construct executable interactive worlds from natural language. Browser-native 3D, commonly built with Three.js, is a natural next frontier: generated programs must integrate assets, obey spatial and physical constraints, and keep user-facing controls synchronized with hidden runtime state. Existing web-generation benchmarks and evaluators, however, largely observe only pixels or DOM nodes, while the mechanics of a Three.js world unfold inside an opaque . We introduce WorldCoder-Bench, a benchmark for autonomous, physically grounded 3D world synthesis. WorldCoder-Bench contains 2,026 expert-curated tasks across Simulation, Rendering, and Application scenarios, with optional .glb assets and hidden behavioral contracts. We further propose StateProbe, an execution-based protocol that probes generated programs in a controlled browser and verifies hidden, mutation-hardened contracts over runtime states and transitions. Beyond verification coverage, we report Return on Automation and Time Efficiency Multiplier to estimate quality-adjusted cost and time utility. The best verification coverage is 27.8% across nine models on WorldCoder-Benchcore and 19.9% across five on WorldCoder-Benchrob, with failures dominated by state-schema drift and broken interaction chains rather than missing scene elements. Utility metrics further show that cheap or fast models can still provide substantial value on easier domains. WorldCoder-Bench is available at https://github.com/shuolucs/WorldCoder-Bench.
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly asked not only to write static interfaces, but to construct executable interactive worlds from natural language. Browser-native 3D, commonly built with Three.js, is a natural next frontier: generated programs must integrate assets, obey spatial and physical constraints, and keep user-facing controls synchronized with hidden runtime state. Existing web-generation benchmarks and evaluators, however, largely observe only pixels or DOM nodes, while the mechanics of a Three.js world unfold inside an opaque . We introduce WorldCoder-Bench, a benchmark for autonomous, physically grounded 3D world synthesis. WorldCoder-Bench contains 2,026 expert-curated tasks across Simulation, Rendering, and Application scenarios, with optional .glb assets and hidden behavioral contracts. We further propose StateProbe, an execution-based protocol that probes generated programs in a controlled browser and verifies hidden, mutation-hardened contracts over runtime states and transitions. Beyond verification coverage, we report Return on Automation and Time Efficiency Multiplier to estimate quality-adjusted cost and time utility. The best verification coverage is 27.8% across nine models on WorldCoder-Benchcore and 19.9% across five on WorldCoder-Benchrob, with failures dominated by state-schema drift and broken interaction chains rather than missing scene elements. Utility metrics further show that cheap or fast models can still provide substantial value on easier domains. WorldCoder-Bench is available at https://github.com/shuolucs/WorldCoder-Bench.
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