arXiv:2611.09139v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: This study presents Causal Attribution and Responsibility-Guided Optimization (CARGO), a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for cooperative on-ramp merging in mixed traffic. A shared latent-context posterior and an action-conditioned response model estimate directed behavioral influence, with posterior uncertainty propagated into interaction-edge selection. Complementary attribution mechanisms couple signed influence with marginal team utility for cooperative reward shaping and assign responsibility from positive excess tail risk relative to a safe reference policy. Conditional diffusion generates future responses for action-dependent risk estimation. Responsibility-guided preventive optimization calibrates agent-specific risk-reduction requirements to local capacity within a policy trust region, using reserved safety margins, adaptive requirement scaling, and joint feasibility verification. Theoretical analysis establishes risk monotonicity and sufficient local conditions for non-decreasing environmental return under explicit assumptions. Experiments in highway-env across three traffic densities, together with controlled graph-recovery and attribution studies, support the effectiveness of the framework. Under high-density traffic, CARGO increases the success rate by 66.04\% and reduces the crash rate by 56.23\% relative to the best evaluated baseline for each metric.
Abstract: This study presents Causal Attribution and Responsibility-Guided Optimization (CARGO), a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for cooperative on-ramp merging in mixed traffic. A shared latent-context posterior and an action-conditioned response model estimate directed behavioral influence, with posterior uncertainty propagated into interaction-edge selection. Complementary attribution mechanisms couple signed influence with marginal team utility for cooperative reward shaping and assign responsibility from positive excess tail risk relative to a safe reference policy. Conditional diffusion generates future responses for action-dependent risk estimation. Responsibility-guided preventive optimization calibrates agent-specific risk-reduction requirements to local capacity within a policy trust region, using reserved safety margins, adaptive requirement scaling, and joint feasibility verification. Theoretical analysis establishes risk monotonicity and sufficient local conditions for non-decreasing environmental return under explicit assumptions. Experiments in highway-env across three traffic densities, together with controlled graph-recovery and attribution studies, support the effectiveness of the framework. Under high-density traffic, CARGO increases the success rate by 66.04\% and reduces the crash rate by 56.23\% relative to the best evaluated baseline for each metric.
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