arXiv:2609.16096v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Large language model coding agents have recently become useful for software tasks, but weaker or open-weight agents still struggle to reliably interpret user intent and execute complex multi-step workflows. This gap is especially visible in long-horizon settings, where an agent must repeatedly inspect prior outcomes, diagnose failure, and choose the next code edit under interaction constraints. It motivates a natural question: what can we do to improve the thinking process of a weak code agent? We study this question in CodeClash, a code-arena benchmark where the original work evaluates 8 commercial coding agents across 6 arenas through multi-round tournaments. Since Qwen3 Coder Plus ranks last among them, we take the open-weight Qwen3-Coder-30B as a case study and investigate how to improve it with distilled knowledge from stronger agents. Our analysis shows that Qwen3-Coder-30B is not well optimized for arena-style interaction: it frequently produces syntax and protocol-breaking errors and exhibits weak strategic adaptation across rounds. These failures are difficult to correct with vanilla instruction tuning alone, since offline SFT cannot directly verify whether a generated action is valid or beneficial. To address this, we propose ReAct SFT, which rewrites teacher trajectories into explicit [obs][thought][act] chains, and trajectoryquality weighted SFT, which reweights samples to encourage post-edit checking. ReAct SFT substantially improves strategic behavior, and our fine-tuned model outperforms the original Qwen3 Coder Plus in tournament evaluation.
Abstract: Large language model coding agents have recently become useful for software tasks, but weaker or open-weight agents still struggle to reliably interpret user intent and execute complex multi-step workflows. This gap is especially visible in long-horizon settings, where an agent must repeatedly inspect prior outcomes, diagnose failure, and choose the next code edit under interaction constraints. It motivates a natural question: what can we do to improve the thinking process of a weak code agent? We study this question in CodeClash, a code-arena benchmark where the original work evaluates 8 commercial coding agents across 6 arenas through multi-round tournaments. Since Qwen3 Coder Plus ranks last among them, we take the open-weight Qwen3-Coder-30B as a case study and investigate how to improve it with distilled knowledge from stronger agents. Our analysis shows that Qwen3-Coder-30B is not well optimized for arena-style interaction: it frequently produces syntax and protocol-breaking errors and exhibits weak strategic adaptation across rounds. These failures are difficult to correct with vanilla instruction tuning alone, since offline SFT cannot directly verify whether a generated action is valid or beneficial. To address this, we propose ReAct SFT, which rewrites teacher trajectories into explicit [obs][thought][act] chains, and trajectoryquality weighted SFT, which reweights samples to encourage post-edit checking. ReAct SFT substantially improves strategic behavior, and our fine-tuned model outperforms the original Qwen3 Coder Plus in tournament evaluation.
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