arXiv:2611.11907v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Multimodal Emotion Reasoning (MER) requires perceiving and integrating emotion cues from multiple modalities. Recent advances increasingly leverage Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to enhance reasoning capacity. However, due to the inherent heterogeneity in conveying emotions across modalities, these models often suffer from modality imbalance and confront flawed emotion understanding. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth analysis on MER models and uncover two key empirical insights. (i) In MER, modality imbalance manifests two distinct failure modes: unimodal over-reliance and insufficient cross-modal utilization, which call for different intervention strategies. (ii) MLLM layers exhibit implicit functional hierarchies in multimodal emotion processing, playing separable roles in stabilizing unimodal representations and integrating cross-modal information. Motivated by these observations, we propose a Layer-Aware Modality Rebalancing (LAMR) framework by explicitly aligning intervention strategies with layer roles. Specifically, we first introduce two quantized metrics for adaptive layer role profiling. In each layer, Modality Entropy (ME) measures the dispersion of modality contributions, and Cross-modal Intensity (CMI) captures the strength of cross-modal interactions. Then, we respectively enhance modality equilibrium in stabilization layers and cross-modal propagation in integration layers. Extensive experiments on two comprehensive MER benchmarks demonstrate that LAMR effectively mitigates modality imbalance and improves emotion reasoning across diverse MLLM backbones, without additional training.
Abstract: Multimodal Emotion Reasoning (MER) requires perceiving and integrating emotion cues from multiple modalities. Recent advances increasingly leverage Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to enhance reasoning capacity. However, due to the inherent heterogeneity in conveying emotions across modalities, these models often suffer from modality imbalance and confront flawed emotion understanding. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth analysis on MER models and uncover two key empirical insights. (i) In MER, modality imbalance manifests two distinct failure modes: unimodal over-reliance and insufficient cross-modal utilization, which call for different intervention strategies. (ii) MLLM layers exhibit implicit functional hierarchies in multimodal emotion processing, playing separable roles in stabilizing unimodal representations and integrating cross-modal information. Motivated by these observations, we propose a Layer-Aware Modality Rebalancing (LAMR) framework by explicitly aligning intervention strategies with layer roles. Specifically, we first introduce two quantized metrics for adaptive layer role profiling. In each layer, Modality Entropy (ME) measures the dispersion of modality contributions, and Cross-modal Intensity (CMI) captures the strength of cross-modal interactions. Then, we respectively enhance modality equilibrium in stabilization layers and cross-modal propagation in integration layers. Extensive experiments on two comprehensive MER benchmarks demonstrate that LAMR effectively mitigates modality imbalance and improves emotion reasoning across diverse MLLM backbones, without additional training.
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