arXiv:2609.33270v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Recurrent models trained from scratch have recently become competitive on ARC-style reasoning tasks, but the usual framing around small recurrent backbones overlooks two important parts of the system: task-conditioned memory and synthetic augmentation data. We study this regime through CHARM, a compact hybrid ARC model that combines recurrent reasoning with structured task memory, synthetic data, and inference-time aggregation. In existing approaches, task-conditioned memory supplies a large hidden source of capacity, reaching more than 30x the size of the recurrent backbone. We introduce a compositional sparse embedding (CoSE) for task conditioning that reduces learned task-memory parameters by over 90% while improving pass@2 in controlled ARC ablations. We also introduce Re-ARC2, a set of programs that generate and verify new examples for all ARC-AGI-2 training tasks. Combining these ingredients, our system reaches 84% pass@2 on ARC-AGI-1 and 46.7% pass@2 on ARC-AGI-2 public evaluation. Structured memory also enables adaptation with only 512 parameters per unseen puzzle, and its benefits generalize to other domains. Our code, dataset, and model checkpoints are available at https://github.com/water-vapor/charm.
Abstract: Recurrent models trained from scratch have recently become competitive on ARC-style reasoning tasks, but the usual framing around small recurrent backbones overlooks two important parts of the system: task-conditioned memory and synthetic augmentation data. We study this regime through CHARM, a compact hybrid ARC model that combines recurrent reasoning with structured task memory, synthetic data, and inference-time aggregation. In existing approaches, task-conditioned memory supplies a large hidden source of capacity, reaching more than 30x the size of the recurrent backbone. We introduce a compositional sparse embedding (CoSE) for task conditioning that reduces learned task-memory parameters by over 90% while improving pass@2 in controlled ARC ablations. We also introduce Re-ARC2, a set of programs that generate and verify new examples for all ARC-AGI-2 training tasks. Combining these ingredients, our system reaches 84% pass@2 on ARC-AGI-1 and 46.7% pass@2 on ARC-AGI-2 public evaluation. Structured memory also enables adaptation with only 512 parameters per unseen puzzle, and its benefits generalize to other domains. Our code, dataset, and model checkpoints are available at https://github.com/water-vapor/charm.
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